I just go my archaeologist to level 2 now i can get artifacts but how do i know whats an artifact. I try using the ability on everything
Artifacts generally have fancy names like "Something, the Something of Something", and have random bonuses on top of the base stats of its item type (which may be nothing if it's a ring or whatever). Gifts from gods are always artifacts. Fixed items that just so happen to have stat bonuses, like Ash Rings, are not artifacts.
Artifacts are: Anything produced by placing an item on an Altar of Krong Quest rewarded items from Inconsequentia Items found from Chests of Evil Items found on the "Islands" - a single tile surrounded by a moat The naming convention of Artifacts differentiates it from normal items thanks to a random name generator. So a regular item will be an iron sword, but an artifact will be Plkigor, the Shadowy Constitution.