This happens mostly on monster zoo's. If you are really close to leveling up (as in, 200 experience points left) you can get multiple level up if you kill more than 1 monster when you are about to level. I get around 3 to 5 level ups every time. I feel like cheating! Please fix this.
This is a known bug. http://community.gaslampgames.com/threads/gained-3-levels-at-once-instead-of-1.2296/ Hopefully I heard right and it's fixed in the 1.0.10 patch that is coming soon (I hope). I agree that it feels like cheating. I gave up on the run that I gained 4 levels instead of 1. I've been afraid to try that build again in case that bug happens again ruining another run.