What's the difference, if any, between the "reagent" and "component" loot types in room definitions and skill loadouts?
The difference is that each one accesses a different list of items, on which certain, few or many, positions may overlap. I don't know what exactly which of them contains, but one thing I do know is that "components" are things used for "mechanical" recipes and "reagents" are things used for "alchemical" recipes, meaning that the former are gears, ingots, etc., while the latter are things like salt or brimstone.